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In 2021, the engineers Noam Shazeer and Daniel De Freitas set out to achieve something their previous employer, Google, seemed reluctant to do: launch a public A.I. chatbot. The result was Character.AI, a startup dedicated to building artificial general intelligence by scaling up large language models with the goal of creating personal, conversational assistants that could be “your own personal teacher, assistant, or even friend.” Last August, Google wrote the company a $2.7 billion check to license its models.