The Old Master sales are generally hit or miss. It’s the nature of the category, which still behaves more like a trading floor between dealers than a retail channel to collectors. So there’s a much higher tolerance for lower sell-through rates. This season, the pattern seemed to be more pronounced than in the past. Nevertheless, overall sales for this Old Master season in New York were 20 percent higher than last year, when the combined sales of the Old Master works, works on paper, and various collections of art and collectible antiques totaled a little more than $72 million. With the last of the Tavitian sales taking place as I write this, we’re already at more than $86 million. In terms of raw dollars spent, the category isn’t declining. It seems to be behaving just like the rest of the art market, where bidders and buyers start becoming scarce above the million-dollar mark. Even though there were some prominent works offered that were withdrawn due to dubious, last-minute legal claims, and others that went unsold for a variety of reasons, including condition, there were more works that exceeded expectations than you might think. Since all markets thrive on good news and momentum, I thought it would be helpful to focus on the upside surprises. Even though bidders shunned works with obvious condition issues, despite their rarity, and other works were sold at huge discounts to their estimates, there were lots of successes. Buyers seemed to fixate on all sorts of unexpected works, perhaps hoping to discover a work that might be upgraded—or we’re beginning to see some changes in taste that will inform the category for the next year. Let’s not forget that a few of the pricier works also got bids above the estimate. At Sotheby’s, Pieter Bruegel the Younger’s The Nest Robber was estimated at $1.2 million, but sold for $3 million; Bernardino de’ Conti’s Portrait of an Elegantly Attired Noblewoman in Profile was estimated at $2 million and sold for $3.12 million; and Raphael’s Saint Mary Magdalene was guaranteed and had an irrevocable bid, but still managed to outrun the $2 million estimate to make $3.12 million. At Christie’s, Joachim Wtewael’s Adam and Eve was estimated at $1 million but sold for just over $2 million, a solid success. Lucas Cranach the Elder’s Hercules and Omphale also had a $1 million estimate and sold for $1.86 million. Pieter Bruegel the Younger’s The Seven Acts of Mercy carried a $700,000 estimate. Bidders pushed it to $1.86 million. So buyers were willing to compete for some of the higher-value works. And they were definitely willing to convert lower-value estimates into high-value sales. At Sotheby’s, for instance, Cornelis de Vos’s Portrait of a Young Girl at the Virginals was estimated at $600,000 and backstopped with an irrevocable bid. That early offer did not dampen the action, which drove the final selling price to $2.04 million. The same pattern occurred with Tintoretto’s Portrait of a Young Man Wearing a Fur-Lined Cloak, which was sold “naked,” as they say in the business, meaning without the protection of a guarantee of any kind. The estimate was $800,000, but the buyer thought $2.16 million was a good deal. A work attributed to Peter Paul Rubens, Profile Portrait of a Boy in Historical Costume, was estimated at $200,000. It had an irrevocable bid, too. The work sold for $582,000, which suggests some of the bidders thought that they might be able eventually demonstrate that the painting was indeed by Rubens, himself. Similarly, works by Bartolomeo Bulgarini, Saint Dominic, estimated at $150,000 sold for $504,000; George Stubbs, Bay cob…, estimated at $150,000, sold for $540,000; Pesellino’s Madonna and Child, estimated at $200,000, sold for $630,000; a painter known only as Monogrammist MHVH saw Joyous Entry of François, Duke of Anjou… sell for $864,000, even though it was estimated at less than half that. At Christie’s, The Master of the Magdalene Legend’s Portrait of Mary, Duchess of Burgundy attracted a lot of bidding. The work might have appealed to contemporary art collectors for its prefiguring of Yoshitomo Nara’s punk girls and distinct Wednesday Addams vibe. The $40,000 estimate could not have hurt, either. The winning bidder was willing to pay almost $240,000 for the painting. A similar story played out with a work simply identified as Emilian School, Late 16th Century, Portrait of a Lady. Same estimate, nearly the same result, but closer to $220,000. Gerard ter Borch II’s Portrait of Johanna Quadacker Bannier seemed like its estimate was too low at $100,000. So, the result of $277,200 hardly seemed unrealistic; the painting is that good. Cranach’s restituted Portrait of George the Bearded… had a modest $150,000 estimate but sold for $327,600. Simon de Myle’s Samson destroying the Philistine temple carried the same attractive number in the catalogue, but sold for $365,400. And Anthony van Dyck’s Saint Jerome in the wilderness was estimated at $100,000, but found a buyer at $403,200.

The folks at da Bass, as Miami’s Bass Art Museum is known, played the auction game well. They were selling works to fund acquisitions. For example, four wings of an altarpiece attributed to the Master of the Reval Legend of Saint Elisabeth were estimated at $60,000 but sold for $216,000. A German School portrait of the Prince-Archbishop of Bremen from around 1580 was estimated at $80,000 but sold for $264,000. Likewise, Giovanni Mazone’s Madonna and Child with Musical Angels… was estimated at $70,000 and sold for $348,000. Ferdinand Bol’s Venus and Adonis, estimated at $100,000, made $360,000. Even better was the Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine of Alexandria, attributed to the workshop of Botticelli, which was estimated at $100,000 but sold for $660,000 with fees. Not to be outdone, the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, which sold works at Christie’s, wisely put attractive estimates on some of its lots. Yes, the top lot, a Jan Both Italianate landscape estimated at $1 million, did not find a buyer despite its undisputed quality. Nevertheless, four works all estimated at $150,000 sold for more than double the price. A Pieter Claesz still life with oysters and a lemon sold for $441,000; a small Pieter de Hooch made $403,200; Jan van Goyen’s River landscape… and Jacob van Ruisdael’s Wooded landscape both made the same price, too. Also, Aert de Gelder’s Homer dictating to the scribes was estimated at $60,000 but sold for $252,000. Adriaen Jansz. van Ostade’s Peasants merrymaking in a tavern had a $40,000 estimate; it sold for $176,400. Another Gerard ter Borch II portrait was estimated at $20,000 and made $163,800. Additionally at Christie’s, Angelica Kauffman’s The Persian Sibyl sold for $151,200; the estimate was only $50,000. Giovanni Capassini’s Portrait of Dominique de Pontizel sold for $138,600 even though the estimate was $60,000. An academic nude identified as only French School from around 1760 was offered with a $7,000 estimate. That didn’t deter bidders, who drove the final selling piece to $94,500. In Sotheby’s second-session sale, a Frans Francken the Younger and Hendrik van Steenwijck the Younger, Palace Interior… estimated at $60,000 sold for more than twice that, at $132,000 with fees. John Hoppner’s portrait of Jane Harley was estimated at $60,000 but sold for $144,000. The market for Old Master works on paper is truly a world for connoisseurs. There’s not much here that generates irrational exuberance. Sotheby’s sale of Caspar David Friedrich’s The beach at Wieck near Greifswald for $720,000—nearly triple the $250,000 estimate on the week that the big Friedrich show opens at the Met—certainly qualifies as exuberance (let’s see how rational it turns out to be). At Christie’s, Jacopo Ligozzi’s The head of a woman in profile…, estimated at $200,000, sold for $504,000. The other standout results were Honoré-Victorin Daumier’s The market, which sold at Christie’s for $126,000, even though the initial estimate was only $30,000; and Joseph Mallord William Turner’s Light-towers of Le Havre, France, which was estimated at $100,000 at Sotheby’s, but sold for $420,000. Another Turner watercolor, The Falls of Schaffhausen, Switzerland, also performed well, making $336,000. The only strong performance in the 19th century European art sale at Sotheby’s was Henry Scott Tuke’s Lovers of the Sun, from 1923, estimated at $150,000 but selling for a very respectable $372,000.

Perhaps you saw the news this weekend that the Brooklyn Museum is cutting staff due to a budget shortfall of $10 million. Director Anne Pasternak said the deficit was caused by inflation raising costs on the operating budget and the pandemic reducing attendance. I’ve been speaking to a number of art market insiders who say several galleries are having real cashflow issues. Few industry veterans have seen a market downturn as long as this one, even though there still seems to be an appetite for art. Just to add to your anxiety, I feel compelled to point out that I read last week that Elon Musk claims he will cut $2 trillion from federal spending through his scarcely legal DOGE project. (Maybe we’re supposed to apply the same “not literally but seriously” formula to Musk’s statements, but humor me here.) The comments caused me to do some back-of-the-envelope calculations. Federal spending is 23 percent of G.D.P. in the United States. That $2 trillion represents 29 percent of federal spending. So we can expect G.D.P. to fall in the United States by more than 6.67 percentage points. Just for context, the so-called great recession in the United States that followed the global financial crisis in 2008 and 2009 knocked 4.3 percent off G.D.P. I’m not saying Musk will be successful. But if he is, the already weakened art market will be severely affected. Even billionaires will stop spending when the economy contracts more than 6.5 percent. Meanwhile, the art world has done itself no favors with the dubious success of Maurizio Cattelan’s Comedian. Let me be the first to remind you that I thought a successful sale of the duct-tape-and-banana artwork would be a boon for art, bringing back excitement and interest in conceptual work. How wrong I was. Julie Davich shared with me this morning a link to Meta’s Super Bowl ad promoting their Ray-Ban smart glasses. It features actors Chris Hemsworth and Chris Pratt, and a brief appearance by Kris Jenner. In the ad, Pratt and Hemsworth wander through an art collection—supposedly Jenner’s home—asking their Meta smart glasses to identify and explain art works. Central to the commercial is Comedian—the $6.2 million price is mentioned prominently—which Hemsworth nonchalantly snacks on. (Geddit?) Then, of course, the ad gets the point of the art work all wrong. (Eating the banana doesn’t damage the work in any way.) I can think of nothing positive that comes from this—except possibly for Jenner, who just listed the Hidden Hills house featured in the ad for $13.5 million. No one thinks Jenner is a cool art collector, though it was nice to see someone did their homework and put an Urs Fischer candle self-portrait in the opening. The ad only reinforces the idea that contemporary art is stupid. (By the way, the Comedian (Ban) memecoin still has a $68 million market value.) Also, it gets the rules of borrowed interest backwards: Meta’s glasses are supposed to be cool when compared with contemporary art, but lampooning Comedian only denigrates Meta’s Ray-Bans themselves, which, I don’t have to tell you, have been a flop. More to the point, the naff eat-the-banana punchline was already dated in 2019. Other than that, I hope you enjoy the game. M