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The potential for significant workforce dislocations is particularly salient for populist lawmakers on both sides of the aisle, even if they have no immediate plan to prevent it. As many as 50 percent of entry-level white-collar jobs could be eliminated within five years, according to Anthropic C.E.O. Dario Amodei. And while Trump is focused on reshoring the blue-collar jobs that have been disappearing since the ’70s, he hasn’t prepared for or even acknowledged the potential job losses of the future. Instead of bolstering programs that would support workers through a technological transition, the BBB weakens the safety net, instituting stricter work requirements for Medicaid and food assistance. “We’ve got to start by telling the truth” about A.I., Republican Senator Josh Hawley told me, arguing that U.S. citizens need “some basic protections,” including access to a job. Hawley also pointed to the alarming rise of increasingly sophisticated deepfakes, and said people should be given the right to sue a company if their personal data or likeness is used or replicated without their consent. “We’ve got to come up with a way to put people first in this thing,” he told me. “Right now, we have not done enough.” Alas, Congress has never been particularly good at legislating for the future, particularly when it comes to technology. (Remember all those painfully out-of-touch and totally ineffectual hearings the House and Senate held on the dangers of social media?) And the Republican tax and spending bill, which constitutes much of Trump’s legislative vision for his term, is largely geared toward addressing the problems of past decades, rather than the seismic changes to come. A small group of Senate Republicans, with the help of about a dozen House Republicans, are hoping to change that before the bill returns to the lower chamber. These lawmakers are particularly concerned about the high energy demands of A.I. services, and are pushing for the Senate to rewrite the BBB to extend at least some of the renewable and nuclear energy tax credits that the House version would phase out as early as next year. (The Senate will release its version of the renewable tax credits package on Monday.)

As the July 4 deadline looms for the Senate to pass the BBB, some A.I. advocates are looking to the appropriations process to save critical science funding. But Trump’s budget also runs counter to his A.I. goals. It would implement a massive 57 percent cut to the National Science Foundation—an agency that funded the 1960s research grants that led to the A.I. of today—and slash about half a billion dollars from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Pulling billions of dollars of research funding from American universities is another huge step backward. “The administration is trying to figure out how to reconcile competing goals of the United States winning in A.I. and getting rid of very large budget deficits,” explained Craig Albright, a top lobbyist for the Business Software Alliance. He noted, for instance, that some in Congress are pushing to permanently extend tax deductions for corporate research and development. But there’s no question that many of these initiatives—like pairing private sector tax relief with massive cuts to public funding—may be at cross purposes. Meanwhile, in their tunnel-vision attempt to win the A.I. race, the administration pushed for a provision in the BBB that would prohibit states from regulating A.I. for 10 years, angering many Democrats and some Republicans. Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene said she would have not voted for the bill if she knew that provision was in there (because she didn’t read the bill, which was released in the middle of the night shortly before the House voted on it). Sen. Hawley is opposed to it, as is Sen. Marsha Blackburn, a Tennessee Republican who has been one of the most forward-thinking lawmakers on technology, social media, and A.I. “We need to be able to [regulate A.I.] to protect an entire sector of our economy,” Blackburn told me. Next month, the White House is expected to release an A.I. action plan. We’ll see if it takes any of their concerns into account.

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